England has 48 counties, also known as shires. Originally, England was run by various tribes whose boundaries were always in flux. When the Romans arrived, they divided England into administrative areas bounded by geographic features such as rivers. When Rome fell, these areas were abandoned. When the kingdom of England was formed in 927, the nation was broken down into earldoms. But when the Normans invaded England in 1066 with the Battle of Hastings, they divided England into shires. They were initially established for administrative purposes by the monarch. Its purpose was to enforce the monarch’s edicts and laws. Sheriffs, tax collectors, and justices of the peace were the principal people involved with the counties. Later it was used to elect members of Parliament. Now most counties serve more of a ceremonial purpose. I have tried to understand their function, but this is not the purpose of this article. Instead, I want to locate where the Cook ancestors originated. In future articles, I may locate where the remainder of the Cook and the Miller ancestors originated.
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